post-kantian fragmentation

outcome

Recognize how voluntarism, dialectical materialism, Positivism, Utilitarianism, Pragmatism, and Analytic philosophy inherit or react against Kantian assumptions.

schopenhauer, nietzsche, marx

Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Marx

capability

Compare Will, power, types of men, pessimism, dialectical materialism, and polylogism.

comte, bentham, mill, spencer

Comte, Bentham, Mill, Spencer

capability

Explain Positivist science without causality, social religion, hedonic calculus, evolution, and concessions to collectivism.

questions
  1. How did Comte’s extension of Hume lead to a rejection of self?
  2. In the absence of causality, how does Comte defend science?
  3. Explain Comte’s resolution of science and religion in his theory of society.
  4. Why did Bentham and Mill reject final answers in logic?
  5. What did the utilitarians use as an objective basis for their ethics?
  6. What are some of the flaws with the hedonic calculus?
  7. How did Spencer mistake the implications of evolution for human society?
  8. Explain how Spencer’s ethics led to his concession to collectivism in politics.

pragmatism I

Pragmatism I

capability

Trace the course lineage from Descartes, Hegel, and Kant; explain doubt, dis-ease, truth-as-works, and meaning.

questions
  1. Explain how pragmatism developed from implications of each of Descartes, Hegel, and Kant.
  2. Why is dis-ease considered to be the origin of thinking?
  3. How do pragmatists differentiate between something that is doubtful and something that is dubitable?
  4. Why is the pragmatist mantra “the true is what works” a reversal of the correct view?
  5. Explain the pragmatist theory of meaning. Why is this contentless?
  6. What is the difference between how the two sub-schools of pragmatism define “desirable consequences”?

pragmatism II & logical positivism

Pragmatism II and Logical Positivism

capability

Analyze logic, ethics, politics, false alternatives, analytic-synthetic dichotomy, verification, and rejection of metaphysics.

questions
  1. Describe the pragmatist view of logic.
  2. Why is Dewey sometimes mistaken for a proponent of scientific ethics?
  3. How does the pragmatist ethics collapse when one searches for a standard of value?
  4. Why is the pragmatist ethics ultimately parasitical?
  5. What implications does pragmatism have for political life?
  6. Explain one of the false alternatives within the pragmatist approach.
  7. How does the analytic-synthetic dichotomy lead to conventionalism?
  8. What is the Logical Positivist’s theory of meaning?
  9. Why were Logical Positivists unable to agree about a principle of verifiability?
  10. How does metaphysics become meaningless according to Positivism?

analytic philosophy

Analytic philosophy

capability

Explain Moore, definite descriptions, material implication, logical atomism, language games, and the proposed function of philosophy.

phase problem

problem

Choose one post-Kantian school and show which earlier premises it retains, which it rejects, and why its ethical or political conclusions follow in the course interpretation.